Definition between Sensor Resolution, Sensitivity, and Accuracy
To gather information from our surroundings, humans use their senses. However, our natural senses are often not enough for studying nature, science, and industry. This is where sensors help—they extend our five senses and are often called the “electrical five senses.”In automated industrial production, sensors are crucial. They help monitor and control processes to improve operations and ensure product quality. Key sensor features like sensitivity, resolution, and accuracy are often used to measure their performance. However, confusion about these terms can cause problems during use. Below, we explain these important concepts.
Sensors are now essential in many fields. These include industrial production, agriculture, space exploration, ocean studies, and environmental monitoring. They are also used in resource assessment, medical diagnostics, biotechnology, and preserving cultural artifacts. Almost every modern project, from space to the ocean, relies on different types of sensors.
Sensor Sensitivity
**Definition:** Sensor sensitivity measures how much the sensor’s output changes (△y) compared to the input change (△x). This is done when conditions are stable. It shows how changes in input lead to changes in output.
In simple terms, sensitivity is the slope of the output-input curve. If a sensor’s output and input are linear, its sensitivity stays the same. If they are not linear, sensitivity changes as the input changes. When the input and output have the same units, sensitivity can be seen as amplification. Increasing sensitivity can improve measurement accuracy. However, it often lowers the sensor’s measurement range and stability.
Sensor Resolution
**Definition:** Resolution refers to the sensor’s ability to detect the smallest change. If an input value changes slowly from a non-zero point, the sensor might not detect this change. This is true as long as the value does not exceed a certain threshold. This means the change is below the resolution limit. The sensor only responds when a change goes above this threshold.
In simple terms, resolution is linked to how accurately A/D (analog-to-digital) conversion works. It also refers to the smallest change that can be detected. The resolution is influenced by sensor circuitry and calibration. Usually, digital tools determine resolution based on the bit size of their A/D converters. Resolution affects how precise measurements are after calibration, but it can also reduce sensor stability.
Sensor Accuracy
**Definition:** Accuracy shows how closely a sensor’s measured value matches the true value of what is being measured. It is the largest difference between measured values and the actual value. This difference is usually plus or minus three standard deviations. It applies within a specific range.
Measurement accuracy includes error margins from sensor circuits and calibration. National standards for temperature sensors have two grades: Class A and Class B.
Class A sensors must not vary more than ±(0.15°C + 0.002 × sensor range). Class B sensors can have deviations up to ±(0.30°C + 0.005 × sensor range). To get more accurate measurements, it is better to use sensors with smaller ranges.
Resolution is different from accuracy. It relates to how well we can detect small changes, not just overall errors. Often, higher resolution or accuracy means we have to give up some other features, like sensitivity.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between sensitivity, resolution, and accuracy helps improve sensor use. It also boosts overall system performance in many areas. Each factor plays an important role. They help ensure measurements are accurate. They also make sure systems function properly in various applications.
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